What does Physical Dependence Theory propose about drug dependence?

What does Physical Dependence Theory propose about drug dependence?

• A. Drug dependence is due to pain of withdrawal
• B. Dependence is caused by social environment alone
• C. Dependence is explained by tolerance alone
• D. Dependence is caused by lack of willpower

Answer: (A)

Physical Dependence Theory says the body adapts to repeated drug use, so stopping produces withdrawal symptoms—the discomfort or pain of withdrawal. That distress creates a strong motivation to take the drug again to relieve it, producing a cycle of continued use. This view centers on a physiological mechanism: negative reinforcement from avoiding withdrawal drives dependence. Tolerance is related, in that needing more of the drug can accompany dependence, but the key idea is that withdrawal relief sustains use. The other explanations miss this focus on withdrawal-driven motivation rather than solely environment, willpower, or tolerance alone.

Physical Dependence Theory says the body adapts to repeated drug use, so stopping produces withdrawal symptoms—the discomfort or pain of withdrawal. That distress creates a strong motivation to take the drug again to relieve it, producing a cycle of continued use. This view centers on a physiological mechanism: negative reinforcement from avoiding withdrawal drives dependence. Tolerance is related, in that needing more of the drug can accompany dependence, but the key idea is that withdrawal relief sustains use. The other explanations miss this focus on withdrawal-driven motivation rather than solely environment, willpower, or tolerance alone.